最基本的物质需求得到满足之后，唯一能够不断增加个人幸福感的事情就是帮助他人

几个常用DNS server:

Google Public DNS:  8.8.8.8  8.8.4.4

Open DNS: 208.67.222.222  208.67.220.220

Guangdong Telecommunication DNS: 202.96.128.86

北京 网通 DNS: 202.106.195.68

指定dns服务器8.8.8.8查询www.qq.com

woodys-MacBook-Pro:~ woody$ dig @8.8.8.8 www.qq.com

; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-APPLE-P2 <<>> @8.8.8.8 www.qq.com

; (1 server found)

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 5832

;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;www.qq.com. IN A

;; ANSWER SECTION:

www.qq.com. 152 IN A 60.28.14.159（天津网通）

www.qq.com. 152 IN A 60.28.14.158

;; Query time: 74 msec

;; SERVER: 8.8.8.8#53(8.8.8.8)

;; WHEN: Wed Dec  9 12:28:30 2009

;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 60

指定dns服务器8.8.4.4查询www.qq.com

woodys-MacBook-Pro:~ woody$ dig @8.8.4.4 www.qq.com

; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-APPLE-P2 <<>> @8.8.4.4 www.qq.com

; (1 server found)

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 32276

;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;www.qq.com. IN A

;; ANSWER SECTION:

www.qq.com. 42 IN A 60.28.14.159（天津网通）

www.qq.com. 42 IN A 60.28.14.158

;; Query time: 1629 msec

;; SERVER: 8.8.4.4#53(8.8.4.4)

;; WHEN: Wed Dec  9 12:50:52 2009

;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 60

指定dns服务器208.67.222.222查询www.qq.com

woodys-MacBook-Pro:~ woody$ dig @208.67.222.222 www.qq.com

; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-APPLE-P2 <<>> @208.67.222.222 www.qq.com

; (1 server found)

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 49872

;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;www.qq.com. IN A

;; ANSWER SECTION:

www.qq.com. 256 IN A 60.28.14.159（天津网通）

www.qq.com. 256 IN A 60.28.14.158

;; Query time: 245 msec

;; SERVER: 208.67.222.222#53(208.67.222.222)

;; WHEN: Wed Dec  9 12:28:58 2009

;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 60

指定dns服务器208.67.220.220查询www.qq.com

woodys-MacBook-Pro:~ woody$ dig @208.67.220.220 www.qq.com

; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-APPLE-P2 <<>> @208.67.220.220 www.qq.com

; (1 server found)

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 41237

;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;www.qq.com. IN A

;; ANSWER SECTION:

www.qq.com. 79 IN A 60.28.14.159（天津网通）

www.qq.com. 79 IN A 60.28.14.158

;; Query time: 230 msec

;; SERVER: 208.67.220.220#53(208.67.220.220)

;; WHEN: Wed Dec  9 12:30:04 2009

;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 60

指定dns服务器202.96.128.86 查询www.qq.com

woodys-MacBook-Pro:~ woody$ dig @202.96.128.86 www.qq.com

; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-APPLE-P2 <<>> @202.96.128.86 www.qq.com

; (1 server found)

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 21203

;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;www.qq.com. IN A

;; ANSWER SECTION:

www.qq.com. 258 IN A 119.147.15.13（深圳电信）

www.qq.com. 258 IN A 119.147.15.17

www.qq.com. 258 IN A 119.147.74.18

;; Query time: 1588 msec

;; SERVER: 202.96.128.86#53(202.96.128.86)

;; WHEN: Wed Dec  9 12:53:07 2009

;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 76

指定dns服务器202.106.195.68查询www.qq.com

woodys-MacBook-Pro:~ woody$ dig @202.106.195.68 www.qq.com

; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-APPLE-P2 <<>> @202.106.195.68 www.qq.com

; (1 server found)

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 12247

;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;www.qq.com. IN A

;; ANSWER SECTION:

www.qq.com. 120 IN A 60.28.14.158（天津网通）

www.qq.com. 120 IN A 61.135.167.36（北京网通）

;; Query time: 206 msec

;; SERVER: 202.106.195.68#53(202.106.195.68)

;; WHEN: Wed Dec  9 13:17:54 2009

;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 60

——————————————————————————————————

跟踪模式

woodys-MacBook-Pro:~ woody$ dig @8.8.8.8 www.qq.com +trace

; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-APPLE-P2 <<>> @8.8.8.8 www.qq.com +trace

; (1 server found)

;; global options: +cmd

. 228170 IN NS A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.（根域名服务器）

. 228170 IN NS H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 228170 IN NS L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 228170 IN NS M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 228170 IN NS G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 228170 IN NS C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 228170 IN NS D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 228170 IN NS J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 228170 IN NS I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 228170 IN NS B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 228170 IN NS F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 228170 IN NS E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 228170 IN NS K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

;; Received 228 bytes from 8.8.8.8#53(8.8.8.8) in 76 ms

com. 172800 IN NS J.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS F.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS I.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS G.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.（Delegation Record for .COM）

com. 172800 IN NS A.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS M.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS C.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS H.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS D.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS L.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS K.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS E.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS B.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.(管理dns1.imok.net)

;; Received 488 bytes from 192.112.36.4#53(G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET) in 84 ms

qq.com. 172800 IN NS dns1.imok.net.（管理qq域的域名服务器）

qq.com. 172800 IN NS dns2.imok.net.

qq.com. 172800 IN NS dns3.imok.net.

;; Received 141 bytes from 192.33.14.30#53(B.GTLD-SERVERS.NET) in 104 ms

www.qq.com. 86400 IN NS ns-cnc2.qq.com.（qq域内的域名服务器）

www.qq.com. 86400 IN NS ns-cnc1.qq.com.

;; Received 104 bytes from 218.30.72.181#53(dns3.imok.net) in 115 ms

www.qq.com. 300 IN A 119.147.15.17（与直接在8.8.8.8缓存中查询的结果60.28.14.159不一样）

www.qq.com. 300 IN A 119.147.74.18

www.qq.com. 300 IN A 119.147.15.13

;; Received 76 bytes from 60.28.234.10#53(ns-cnc2.qq.com) in 114 ms

跟踪模式

woodys-MacBook-Pro:~ woody$ dig @8.8.8.8 qq.com +trace

; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-APPLE-P2 <<>> @8.8.8.8 qq.com +trace

; (1 server found)

;; global options: +cmd

. 221208 IN NS a.root-servers.net.

. 221208 IN NS b.root-servers.net.

. 221208 IN NS c.root-servers.net.

. 221208 IN NS d.root-servers.net.

. 221208 IN NS e.root-servers.net.

. 221208 IN NS f.root-servers.net.

. 221208 IN NS g.root-servers.net.

. 221208 IN NS h.root-servers.net.

. 221208 IN NS i.root-servers.net.

. 221208 IN NS j.root-servers.net.

. 221208 IN NS k.root-servers.net.

. 221208 IN NS l.root-servers.net.

. 221208 IN NS m.root-servers.net.

;; Received 228 bytes from 8.8.8.8#53(8.8.8.8) in 137 ms

com. 172800 IN NS K.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS H.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS M.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS J.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS A.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS E.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS F.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS C.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS G.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS D.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS L.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS I.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS B.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

;; Received 512 bytes from 192.36.148.17#53(i.root-servers.net) in 99 ms

qq.com. 172800 IN NS dns1.imok.net.

qq.com. 172800 IN NS dns2.imok.net.

qq.com. 172800 IN NS dns3.imok.net.

;; Received 137 bytes from 192.55.83.30#53(M.GTLD-SERVERS.NET) in 391 ms

qq.com. 43200 IN A 60.28.188.192（天津网通）

qq.com. 43200 IN A 60.28.188.9

qq.com. 43200 IN NS dns2.imok.net.

qq.com. 43200 IN NS dns1.imok.net.

qq.com. 43200 IN NS dns3.imok.net.

;; Received 169 bytes from 218.30.72.181#53(dns3.imok.net) in 111 ms

dig命令加“+trace”参数，追踪出整个域名查询的过程。对www.qq.com的最终查询结果与直接在8.8.8.8缓存查询结果是不一样的。

在看一下对www.google.com的追踪查询结果。

woodys-MacBook-Pro:~ woody$ dig @8.8.8.8 www.google.com +trace

; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-APPLE-P2 <<>> @8.8.8.8 www.google.com +trace

; (1 server found)

;; global options: +cmd

. 221138 IN NS A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 221138 IN NS H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 221138 IN NS L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 221138 IN NS M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 221138 IN NS G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 221138 IN NS C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 221138 IN NS D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 221138 IN NS J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 221138 IN NS I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 221138 IN NS B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 221138 IN NS F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 221138 IN NS E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 221138 IN NS K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

;; Received 228 bytes from 8.8.8.8#53(8.8.8.8) in 113 ms

com. 172800 IN NS E.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS J.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS I.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS B.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS D.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS C.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS M.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS H.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS K.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS F.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS L.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS A.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS G.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

;; Received 504 bytes from 192.203.230.10#53(E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET) in 540 ms

google.com. 172800 IN NS ns1.google.com.

google.com. 172800 IN NS ns2.google.com.

google.com. 172800 IN NS ns3.google.com.

google.com. 172800 IN NS ns4.google.com.

;; Received 168 bytes from 192.43.172.30#53(I.GTLD-SERVERS.NET) in 411 ms

www.google.com. 604800 IN CNAME www.l.google.com.

www.l.google.com. 300 IN A 64.233.189.103

www.l.google.com. 300 IN A 64.233.189.104

www.l.google.com. 300 IN A 64.233.189.99

www.l.google.com. 300 IN A 64.233.189.147

;; Received 116 bytes from 216.239.38.10#53(ns4.google.com) in 149 ms

对比刚才对www.qq.com的追踪查询，可以刊出对www.google.com的查询结果更为扁平，从x.gtld-servers.net.直接返回nsx.google.com等google自己的域名服务器，而qq则多了一层dnsx.imok.net。

woodys-MacBook-Pro:~ woody$ dig @8.8.8.8 www.baidu.com +trace

; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-APPLE-P2 <<>> @8.8.8.8 www.baidu.com +trace

; (1 server found)

;; global options: +cmd

. 220913 IN NS A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 220913 IN NS H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 220913 IN NS L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 220913 IN NS M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 220913 IN NS G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 220913 IN NS C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 220913 IN NS D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 220913 IN NS J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 220913 IN NS I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 220913 IN NS B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 220913 IN NS F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 220913 IN NS E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

. 220913 IN NS K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

;; Received 228 bytes from 8.8.8.8#53(8.8.8.8) in 110 ms

com. 172800 IN NS J.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS L.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS G.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS B.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS C.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS I.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS D.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS F.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS H.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS E.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS K.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS M.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

com. 172800 IN NS A.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

;; Received 503 bytes from 192.203.230.10#53(E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET) in 542 ms

baidu.com. 172800 IN NS dns.baidu.com.

baidu.com. 172800 IN NS ns2.baidu.com.

baidu.com. 172800 IN NS ns3.baidu.com.

baidu.com. 172800 IN NS ns4.baidu.com.

;; Received 167 bytes from 192.43.172.30#53(I.GTLD-SERVERS.NET) in 415 ms

www.baidu.com. 1200 IN CNAME www.a.shifen.com.

a.shifen.com. 86411 IN NS ns5.a.shifen.com.

a.shifen.com. 86411 IN NS ns6.a.shifen.com.

a.shifen.com. 86411 IN NS ns1.a.shifen.com.

a.shifen.com. 86411 IN NS ns3.a.shifen.com.

;; Received 194 bytes from 202.108.22.220#53(dns.baidu.com) in 75 ms

看以下对www.baidu.com的追踪查询，结果与google类似。

标签： dig, DNS

// 发贴者：放牛娃的春天 @ 五月 29, 2011